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Ribs ((ロシア語:''«рёбра»''), translit. ryobra), also being called Music on ribs ((ロシア語:''«Музыка на рёбрах»'')), Jazz on bones ((ロシア語:''«Джаз на костях»'')), Bones or ''Roentgenizdat'' are slang names for x-ray shots, mostly a fluorography ones, turned into improvised gramophone recordings. These were a black market method of smuggling in and distributing forbidden music by foreign and emigre musicians who were banned from broadcasting in the USSR. Actual medical X-Rays, purchased from hospitals and clinics, were used for the technology; the X-Rays were cut into the shape of records. According to Russian musicologist Artemy Troitsky, "grooves were cut with the help of special machines (made, they say, from old phonographs by skilled conspiratorial hands)"; he added that the "quality was awful, but the price was low, a ruble or a ruble and a half." In 2014, the English musician Stephen Coates of the band The Real Tuesday Weld launched the ''The X-Ray Audio Project'' an initiative to provide a resource of information about the X-Ray recordings with visual images, audio recordings, and interviews as the basis for a book on the subject published in 2015. Coates and sound artist and researcher Aleks Kolkowski cut a new X-Ray record as a demonstration of the process involved in the first of a series of live events about the project at London arts venue ''The Horse Hospital'' in October 2014. == See also == * Samizdat * Magnitizdat * Flexi disc 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ribs (recordings)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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